Indigenous Lands (ILs) in the Brazilian Amazon effectively inhibit deforestation (1, 2, 3), preserving cultural and natural resources, as well as ecosystem services. Combined with protected areas (PAs), IL creation is largely responsible for Brazil’s successful trajectory in reducing deforestation (4, 5). Yet, these benefits are not guaranteed until ILs achieve legal recognition, which is necessary to empower indigenous peoples and hinder illegal activities.
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