This paper describes smallholder agricultural systems in the lower Amazon where the Santarém sub-Cluster is based. Here, despite the fertility of floodplain soils and a long tradition of floodplain farming, smallholder agriculture is stagnating. Once the basis of the floodplain economy, its role in smallholder subsistence has now been taken over by commercial fishing and extensive cattle ranching.
Efforts to Avoid Corruption and Harassment
Efforts to Avoid Corruption and Harassment
IPAM – Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia carries out the following financial monitoring actions to avoid default and financial irregularities. 2021 2022 2023...