Ratification

After signing an international treaty, such as the Climate Change Convention or the Kyoto Protocol, a country has to ratify the commitment, often with the approval of its parliament or other legislature. The ratification instrument must be deposited with the UN Secretary-General to, then, begin the 90-day count for the ratifying country to become an integral party. There are minimum ratifications thresholds for the entry into force of international treaties.

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Entry into force

Intergovernmental agreements, including protocols and amendments, are not legally valid until ratified by a certain number of countries. For the UNFCCC creation, it took 50 countries; as for ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, at least 55 countries were required...

Designated operational entity (DOE)

These are national or international entities accredited by the Executive Board – and designated by COP/MOP, which will ratify or not the Board’s accreditation to act within the cycle of CDM projects. The responsibilities of DOEs and the manner in which the...

Marrakesh Agreement

With 39 decisions, the Marrakesh Agreement compiles the principles, nature, scope, types, and procedures of the flexible mechanisms (CDM, Joint Implementation and Emissions Trading). It was in Africa, in the city of Marrakesh, during the seventh Conference of the...