Entry into force

Intergovernmental agreements, including protocols and amendments, are not legally valid until ratified by a certain number of countries. For the UNFCCC creation, it took 50 countries; as for ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, at least 55 countries were required (together representing 55% of Annex 1 emissions in 1990). The Paris Agreement entered into force after at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification.

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Secondary Forests

Secondary Forests

What are they? Secondary forests, or recovering forests, are those that were previously deforested and have grown back. The area of secondary forests in the Amazon is estimated to be 850 million hectares. This figure corresponds to areas deforested between 1988 and...

Agroforestry systems

Agroforestry systems

Forms of land-use and land-management, in which trees or shrubs are used together with crop and/or animals in the same area, simultaneously or in a sequence of time. They must include at least one tree or shrub forest species, which can be combined with one or more...