Environmental services

A set of functions performed by nature, essential to human beings, such as water and gas regulation, climatic and of physical disturbances, water supply, erosion control and sediment retention, soil formation, nutrient cycling, pollination, and many others.

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Second commitment period

Refers to the 2012-2020 period, under the Kyoto Protocol.

Climate system

The totality of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere and their interactions.

Empty forest

A portion of the forest where, although still possible to observe the green of the forest, the presence of animals – especially pollinators – is already rare or null, compromising the region's environmental services and the long-term survival of the forest. The...