Our results reveal an extremely low number (1.3%) of enforcement actions in deforested areas, warning that impunity can undermine the expected dissuasive effect against environmental crime in Amazon.

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) policies, projects, and interventions are among the most prominent of recent attempts to mitigate climate change. Because REDD+ projects focus on forests, they simultaneously affect socioeconomic...