Ratification

After signing an international treaty, such as the Climate Change Convention or the Kyoto Protocol, a country has to ratify the commitment, often with the approval of its parliament or other legislature. The ratification instrument must be deposited with the UN Secretary-General to, then, begin the 90-day count for the ratifying country to become an integral party. There are minimum ratifications thresholds for the entry into force of international treaties.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Gas naturally present in the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 0.036% of all of the atmospheric gases, and also emitted from the burning of fossil fuels and biomass, land use changes, and other industrial processes. It is one of the main greenhouse gases and...

Executive Board

Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol establishes an independent governing body – the Executive Board – to supervise the implementation and administration of the clean development mechanism (CDM). The Executive Board is the last point of contact for CDM participants,...

Annex I parties or Annex I countries

The Annex I to the Climate Change Convention is composed of parties to the convention and the industrialized countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The division between Annex I parties and non-Annex I parties separates the countries according to...