Protocol

A protocol is always linked to an existing convention but is a separate and additional agreement that must be signed and ratified by the “signatory” parties to the convention. Protocols strengthen a convention, usually by adding new and more detailed commitments.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Gas naturally present in the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 0.036% of all of the atmospheric gases, and also emitted from the burning of fossil fuels and biomass, land use changes, and other industrial processes. It is one of the main greenhouse gases and...

MOP

Following the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005, the Conference of the Parties of the UN Climate Change Convention started operating as the meeting of parties (MOP) of the protocol. This body meets in a similar manner to the Conferences of the Parties...

Entry into force

Intergovernmental agreements, including protocols and amendments, are not legally valid until ratified by a certain number of countries. For the UNFCCC creation, it took 50 countries; as for ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, at least 55 countries were required...