Albedo

The proportions of solar radiation reflected by a surface or object, expressed in percentage. Snow-covered surfaces have high albedo level; ground (soil) albedo can be high or low; vegetation-covered surfaces and oceans have low albedo level. The Earth’s albedo varies mainly due to the different levels of clouds, snow, ice, vegetation, and changes in the earth’s surface.

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Ratification

After signing an international treaty, such as the Climate Change Convention or the Kyoto Protocol, a country has to ratify the commitment, often with the approval of its parliament or other legislature. The ratification instrument must be deposited with the UN...

REDD+

It means REDD, with the inclusion of the role of conservation, sustainable forest management, and increasing forest carbon stocks in developing countries. It is the concept currently applied under the Climate...

Renewable energy

It is the energy derived from sources that do not use exhaustible fuels (for example, water – hydroelectric power, wind – wind energy, Sun – solar energy, tides, and geothermal sources). Some combustible materials, such as biomass, can also be considered renewable....