Certified emission reduction (CER)

The baseline of a project is the scenario that represents the level of anthropogenic emissions/removals of CO2 equivalent that would occur in the absence of the proposed project activity. It serves as a basis for both verification of additionality and...

The carbon market has existed since before the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, when it was possible to observe, in the international market, a growing demand for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, so that the ton avoided of equivalent carbon (tCO2e)...

Fuels such as oil, natural gas, and mineral coal – fossilized plant residues – that are buried in the Earth's crust and reached their present state through chemical reactions over long periods of time. They are produced by the continuous decomposition of organic...