Second commitment period

Established by Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, evolved from a Brazilian proposal, and stipulated throughout the COP 3 negotiations, the clean development mechanism (CDM) is the only of the three mechanisms introduced by the Protocol that include developing...

It is the conversion, directly induced by the humans, of land that has not been forested – for a period of at least 50 years – into forested land through planting, sowing, and/or human-induced promotion of natural sources of seeds. This definition is used for...

The fact of existing outside the perceiving subject. This economic phenomenon can be categorized as positive or negative when, in the price of the good placed on the market, the social gains and losses resulting from its production or consumption, respectively, are...