Governance

Within the working context of the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), governance can be defined as the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country or region at all levels to ensure the effectiveness of processes and institutions, by means of which, citizens articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, fulfill their obligations, and measure their differences (Bandeira, 1999).

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Biome

The word ‘biome’ – ‘bios’ (from Ancient Greek βίο, meaning ‘life’) and ‘ome’ (a variation of ōma, from Ancient Greek ωμα, meaning ‘mass’ or ‘group’) – was first used in 1943 by the American botanist Frederic Edward Clements, to define a biological unit or...

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Established by Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, evolved from a Brazilian proposal, and stipulated throughout the COP 3 negotiations, the clean development mechanism (CDM) is the only of the three mechanisms introduced by the Protocol that include developing...

Reforestation

It is the conversion, directly induced by humans, of unforested land into forested land through planting, sowing and/or human-induced promotion of natural seed sources, in an area that has been forested but converted into non-forested land. For the first commitment...