Governance

Within the working context of the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), governance can be defined as the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country or region at all levels to ensure the effectiveness of processes and institutions, by means of which, citizens articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, fulfill their obligations, and measure their differences (Bandeira, 1999).

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Carbon pools

A component of the climate system in which the so-called greenhouse gases –or a precursor of greenhouse gas – are stored.

Ratification

After signing an international treaty, such as the Climate Change Convention or the Kyoto Protocol, a country has to ratify the commitment, often with the approval of its parliament or other legislature. The ratification instrument must be deposited with the UN...

Entry into force

Intergovernmental agreements, including protocols and amendments, are not legally valid until ratified by a certain number of countries. For the UNFCCC creation, it took 50 countries; as for ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, at least 55 countries were required...