Permanence

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects require domestic monitoring by parties representing the government of the countries involved in the project. Such authority, known as Designated National Authority (DNA), is invested with great responsibility to approve...

Intergovernmental agreements, including protocols and amendments, are not legally valid until ratified by a certain number of countries. For the UNFCCC creation, it took 50 countries; as for ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, at least 55 countries were required...

Fuels such as oil, natural gas, and mineral coal – fossilized plant residues – that are buried in the Earth's crust and reached their present state through chemical reactions over long periods of time. They are produced by the continuous decomposition of organic...