Permanence

Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol establishes an independent governing body – the Executive Board – to supervise the implementation and administration of the clean development mechanism (CDM). The Executive Board is the last point of contact for CDM participants,...

The proportions of solar radiation reflected by a surface or object, expressed in percentage. Snow-covered surfaces have high albedo level; ground (soil) albedo can be high or low; vegetation-covered surfaces and oceans have low albedo level. The Earth’s albedo...

Within the working context of the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), governance can be defined as the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country or region at all levels to ensure the effectiveness of processes and...