A portion of the forest where, although still possible to observe the green of the forest, the presence of animals – especially pollinators – is already rare or null, compromising the region’s environmental services and the long-term survival of the forest.
The more fragmented a forest is, the more empty it is – that is, the less biodiversity it harbors and, therefore, the more endangered it is.
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Negotiable credit in the international carbon market originated from clean development mechanism (CDM) projects.
Forms of land-use and land-management, in which trees or shrubs are used together with crop and/or animals in the same area, simultaneously or in a sequence of time. They must include at least one tree or shrub forest species, which can be combined with one or more...