Empty forest

A portion of the forest where, although still possible to observe the green of the forest, the presence of animals – especially pollinators – is already rare or null, compromising the region’s environmental services and the long-term survival of the forest.

The more fragmented a forest is, the more empty it is – that is, the less biodiversity it harbors and, therefore, the more endangered it is.

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Ratification

Ratification

After signing an international treaty, such as the Climate Change Convention or the Kyoto Protocol, a country has to ratify the commitment, often with the approval of its parliament or other legislature. The ratification instrument must be deposited with the UN...

Renewable energy

Renewable energy

It is the energy derived from sources that do not use exhaustible fuels (for example, water – hydroelectric power, wind – wind energy, Sun – solar energy, tides, and geothermal sources). Some combustible materials, such as biomass, can also be considered renewable....

Climate change

Climate change

Changes that are directly or indirectly attributed to human activity and alter the composition of the world's atmosphere and that is added to that caused by the natural climatic variability observed over comparable periods.