Fossil fuels

Fuels such as oil, natural gas, and mineral coal – fossilized plant residues – that are buried in the Earth’s crust and reached their present state through chemical reactions over long periods of time. They are produced by the continuous decomposition of organic animal and plant matter through geological eras. Their production is extremely slow – much slower than the current consumption rate – and therefore, not renewable on the human timescale.

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Annex I parties or Annex I countries

The Annex I to the Climate Change Convention is composed of parties to the convention and the industrialized countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The division between Annex I parties and non-Annex I parties separates the countries according to...

Parties

Refer to the countries that are part of a convention. These can be individual countries or economic blocs, such as the European Union.

Diffusion in the oceans

The process through which the atmosphere and water continuously exchange molecules of carbon dioxide. The diffusion of carbon dioxide into the oceans accounts for almost half of the carbon extracted from the atmosphere. The colder oceans absorb more CO2 than warmer...